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The original web 3D standard — color meshes, scene hierarchy, and texture mapping for interactive virtual worlds.
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| Extension | .wrl |
|---|---|
| Full name | Virtual Reality Modeling Language |
| Standard | ISO 14772 |
| Geometry type | Indexed face set (polygon mesh) |
| Open standard | Yes |
| Supports color | Yes — per-face and per-vertex |
| Supports textures | Yes |
| Successor | X3D |
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) was standardized as ISO 14772 in 1994. It stores polygon meshes with color, UV coordinates, lights, cameras and basic animation. Its XML-based successor X3D is the current ISO standard. VRML remains in use in industrial visualization for color-coded CAD models.
Engineers export VRML to share color-coded CAD models (FEA stress maps, heat maps) with colleagues without CAD software.
Many PDM and PLM systems support VRML as a lightweight review format.
VRML is used in finite element analysis, medical imaging and geographic information systems.
SolidWorks, CATIA, FreeCAD, Rhino, MeshLab, ParaView, Cortona3D viewer and InstantReality.
Commonly converted from STEP or IGES for colored visualization, to STL for 3D printing (losing color), or to X3D for the modern XML successor.