Formatguide
The ISO XML standard for interactive web 3D — VRML modern successor with DOM integration and WebGL rendering.
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| Extension | .x3d (XML), .x3db (binary), .x3dv (VRML encoding) |
|---|---|
| Full name | Extensible 3D |
| Standard | ISO/IEC 19775 |
| Encoding | XML (primary), binary, VRML classic |
| Open standard | Yes — Web3D Consortium |
| Supports color | Yes — materials and textures |
| Supports animations | Yes — interpolators and scripts |
| Predecessor | VRML |
X3D (Extensible 3D) is an ISO/IEC 19775 standard by the Web3D Consortium as the XML successor to VRML. X3D uses XML to define 3D scenes with geometry, materials, textures, lights, cameras, animations and interactive behaviors. The X3DOM project enables X3D to run natively in web browsers via WebGL.
Engineers embed interactive X3D models in HTML documentation for part catalogs, maintenance manuals and technical publications.
X3D is used in medical imaging, protein structure visualization and scientific simulation output.
Interactive 3D training tools use X3D for browser-based 3D content without dedicated software on learner machines.
FreeCAD, MeshLab, Blender (via export), X3DOM (browser renderer), InstantReality and 3D CAD Converter.
Commonly converted from STEP, VRML or OBJ for web documentation, or from X3D to STL for 3D printing, or to glTF/GLB for modern WebGL renderers.